Integration of host plant resistance and biological. Plant resistance to a herbivore results from the expression by the plant of resistance related traits that interfere with one or more aspects of the herbivores complex interaction with the plant. Molecular markerassisted selection for potato breeding. The broad coverage includes crop plant and insect diversity, mechanisms of insect plant interactions, host plant selection, components of resistance, the biochemical basis for resistance, mechanisms of resistance, factors affecting expression of resistance, screening techniques for resistance, the role of insect. Breeding insect resistant crops for sustainable agriculture.
Multiple strategies for improved crop resistance to insect pests, especially strategies relating. This is suggested by the levels of resistance to some pests found in. Plant defense against herbivory or host plant resistance hpr describes a range of adaptations evolved by plants which improve their survival and reproduction by reducing the impact of herbivores. Mechanisms and evolution of plant resistance to aphids. Integrated planthopper management is a proposed strategy to prolong the durability of host. Investigate the biology, pest host interactions, and chemical ecology of major corn insect pests, especially as they relate to resistance. Understanding how climate change affects plant resistance to herbivorous pests could be essential for future food security.
Host plant resistance definition types and mechanisms ecological and genetic resistance host plant resistance hpr definition those characters that enable a plant to avoid, tolerate or recover from attacks of insects under conditions that would cause greater injury to other plants of the same. Click download or read online button to get molecular host plant resistance to pests book now. In addition, pest resistance insect infestans may pose possible devastation of the crop. Understanding the impact of management strategies and relevant spatial scales on western corn rootworm resistance to cry3bb1, coy ray st.
Deployment of host plant resistance hpr provides an opportunity to. Host plant resistance is an environmentalfriendly, costeffective and sustainable pest management option for minimizing the pests incidence and severity. Offering more than 1500 references for further exploration of the topic, this reference details the bioactivity, biosynthetic pathways, mechanisms of action, and genetic regulation for improved methods of crop protection and analyzes host plant resistance mechanisms. Keys to the increased use of host plant resistance in integrated. Experimental techniques in hostplant resistance springerlink. We are unaware of any reports of plant resistance to insect pests. Host plant resistance for insect control in some important. This zone is rich in nutrients when compared with the bulk soil due to the accumulation of a variety of plant exudates, such as amino acids and sugars, providing a rich source of energy and nutrients for bacteria gray and smith, 2005. These traits can be found in the cotton genetic pool or created through molecular techniques. Plants resistant to one stress are resistant to another type of. Entomology theses and dissertations entomology iowa state.
Introduction plant damage by insect pests and the response of the host plants to insect herbivory is a central component in evolution and speciation of both insects and vol. The builtin protection of resistant plants from insect pests functions at a very basic level, disrupting the normal association of the insect pest with its host plant. Host plant resistance against insect pests in pepper and tomato. The first identification of genomic loci in plants. Molecular basis of soybean resistance to soybean aphids and. Substantial progress has been made in identifying the genetic basis of limiting these pests in both model and nonmodel plant systems. Abstract host plant resistance to insecls pri is an underutilized pest management strategy in vegetable production. Host plant resistance to insects in integrated pest. The reader is referred to the citations in tables 1 and 2 for listings of specific insect resistant plant genotypes, plant introductions, accession numbers, and breeding lines. S sadasivam, dr b thayumanavan sadasivam and thayumanavan both of the center for plant molecular biology, tamil nadu agricultural u. Integrated pest management ipm is a system of protecting crops that meets the requirements of sustainable development by allowing farmers to manage pests in a way that is costeffective, environmentally sound and suitable to adopt under local conditions.
Advance towards host mediated rna interference insect pest management. This molecular innovation seems to have evolved shortly 10 myr after the evolution of the host plant group brassicales, giving some evidence for coevolution of insects and plants. Role of elicitors in inducing resistance in plants against. The most attractive feature of hpr is that farmers virtually do not need any. Complete resistance in such cases is easily detectable, but small differences in susceptibility tend to disappear. Host plant resistance to aphids in cultivated crops. Host plant resistance, insect pests, molecular markers, genetic transformation, gene pyramiding, rnai. Genomic loci related with resistance to gallinducing insects have not been identified in any plants. As an integrated pest management tactic, host plant resistance entails the intentional use of resistant crop varieties, alone or in combination. Impact of host plant health and host plant resistance on aphis glycines hemiptera. However, the central link of host plant finding, thought.
Pdf molecular bases of plant resistance to arthropods. Host plant resistance hpr offers a lowcost, practical, longterm solution for maintaining lower whitefly populations and reducing crop losses. Induced resistance in plants and counteradaptation by. In contrast to the limited range of nucleotide changes that lead to target site insensitivity, many molecular mechanisms lead to enhancements in xenobiotic metabolism. Antibiosis, antixenosis, host plant resistance, pod borer complex, screening. Molecular host plant resistance to pests 1st edition s. The optimal inoculum density is the density whereby escapes are largely prevented while only the most susceptible cultivars. Current understanding of the molecular players involved in. Pdf mass culturing of phytophagous insects for host plant resistance studies. Heterodera glycines ichninohe are major pests of the soybean glycine max l.
The compatible, complementary role plant resistance to insect pests plays with other direct control tactics is, in theory and practice, in concert with the objectives of ipm. Host plant resistance, insect pests, molecular markers, genetic transformation, gene pyramiding, rnai introduction host plant resistance hpr assumes a central role, and is the backbone of pest management in order to increase production and productivity of the crops, to meet the increasing demand for food, feed, fodder, and fuel. Insect biochemistry and molecular biology 31, 593602. Classical linkage mapping and genomewide association studies gwas have identified major and. Pests, diseases, and weeds are managed mainly by the widespread application of insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides. Of several control measures available, host plant resistance has been a strong choice for economical and effective management of plant diseases.
On the whole, host plant resistance hpr to insects has been the most successful and widely used method of control. The rhizosphere is the narrow zone of soil specifically influenced by the root system dobbelaere et al. Genetic engineering for disease resistance in plants. Pdf host plant resistance and insect pest management in. Induced resistance could be exploited as an important tool for the pest management to minimize the amounts of insecticides used for pest control.
In modern agriculture, host plant resistance hpr is an integral. Such genes would facilitate the breeding of durable, broadspectrum insectresistant rice cultivars and the analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying plant resistance to insects. Offering more than 1500 references for further exploration of the topic, this reference details the bioactivity, biosynthetic pathways, mechanisms of action, and genetic re. Genetic and molecular bases, and interactions with aphid populations. The future goal of crop biotechnology is thus to engineer a durable, multimechanistic resistance to insect pests through an understanding of. Department of botany and plant pathology, 2082 cordley hall, oregon state university, corvallis, or 973312902, usa. The genes involved in transgenic host plant resistance programs mainly encode bt toxins, proteinase inhibitors and lectins. Xenobiotic resistance in insects has evolved predominantly by increasing the metabolic capability of detoxificative systems andor reducing xenobiotic target site sensitivity. Once the basic outlines of the pestcrop interaction are understood, the initial step in using hostplant resistance in a management programme is the evaluation screening of crop germplasm to identify genotypes lines, accessions, cultivars, etc. Molecular mechanisms of metabolic resistance to synthetic. Molecular markerassisted selection of plant genes for insect resistance. Advance towards host mediated rna interference insect pest. Host plant resistance definition types and mechanisms ecological and genetic resistance host plant resistance hpr definition those characters that enable a plant to avoid, tolerate or recover from attacks of insects under conditions that would cause greater injury to other plants of the same species painter, r. It also provides an overview of the fascinating field of insect plant relationships, which is fundamental to the study of host plant resistance to insects.
Research achievements in plant resistance to insect pests. A novel approach for host plant resistance to insects in grain legumes h. Paradigm shifts in research on host plant resistance to. Many plants produce secondary metabolites, known as allelochemicals, that influence.
Plants can sense being touched, and they can use several strategies to defend against damage caused by herbivores. Search for library items search for lists search for contacts search for a library. Plants rely on unique mechanisms of recognition, signalling and defence to cope. Host plant resistance to insects, particularly, induced resistance, can also be manipulated with the use of chemical elicitors of secondary metabolites, which confer resistance to insects.
Host plant resistance, induced resistance, insect adaptation, secondary metabolites, pest management. A recent study suggests that herbivorespecific rgene resistance may be enhanced by elevated atmospheric co2 concentrations. Induced resistance, or resistance triggered by prior herbivore attack, has a number of potential uses in crop protection that are only now beginning to be explored. Once the basic outlines of the pest crop interaction are understood, the initial step in using hostplant resistance in a management programme is the evaluation screening of crop germplasm to identify genotypes lines, accessions, cultivars, etc. Molecular host plant resistance to pests book, 2003. Instead of gss, the pieridae use the nitrilespecifier protein to detoxify glucosinolates in their host plant. Molecular host plant resistance to pests download ebook.
Alternatively, the host plant may resist invasion by activating complex defense mechanisms preventing pathogen replication and spread. Evaluate the host plant resistance and resistance management strategies for corn borers on transgenic bt corn. Relative to a susceptible plant, disease resistance is the reduction of pathogen growth on or in the plant and hence a reduction of disease, while the term disease tolerance describes plants that exhibit little disease damage. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of resistance to plant biotic stress and plant diseases is one of the hottest areas of modern plant science. Most research and utilization efforts focus on bacillus thuringiensis bt genes. Multiple strategies for improved crop resistance to insect pests, especially strategies. The morphological and phenological bases of plant resistance, current molecular constituents, biochemicals induced through insect attack, genetic engineering, and the integration of host plant resistance with biological control tactics are discussed. The precise methods used in screening depend, of course, on the biology of the croppest interaction and on. Host resistance is important in reducing cost of pest control, may help protect environment by reducing pesticide use, and may help alleviate the onset of pesticide resistance.
Department of plant biology and forest genetics plant defensive mechanisms against insect pests joel markgren independent project in biology bachelor project ex0689 independent project 15 hec first cycle, g2e agronomist soil plant biology sciences issn 16515196, nr 118 ultuna 2011. There is a pressing need to clone and characterize insect resistance genes. Plant disease resistance protects plants from pathogens in two ways. The most attractive feature of hpr is that farmers virtually do not need any skill in application techniques, and there is no cash investment by the resource poor farmers. Department of botany and plant sciences, university of california, usa. It is polyphagous, multivoltine, persistent and cosmopolitan pest feeding on 182 species of host plants spread across 47 families in india 3 causing an yield loss of 7095 percent 4. Host plant resistance to insects in integrated pest management in vegetable crops. Goals objectives identify, develop, and release corn germplasm with native resistance to major corn insect pests, especially corn rootworm. Host plant resistance against insect pests in pepper and tomato ben vosman asian solanaceousround table 2017. In contrast, there has been much less use of this method for the management of insect pests in commercial vegetable production smith 1989. Utilize molecular approaches to better understand both host and non host interactions with aphids in order to develop more resistant crop plants.
Pioneering genetic studies in plant pathogen interaction using flax and flax rust fungus by flor in the early 1940s established the classic geneforgene theory, which states that the outcome of any given plant pathogen interaction is largely determined by a resistance r locus from the host and the matching avirulence factor avr from. Btcrops can be considered as possessing a specific form of host plant resistance. In the past decade, much progress has been made in isolating insect resistance genes in rice. Siliconmediated induced resistance to insects the use of plant resistance inducers is considered an environmentally friendly strategy to ef. Plants rely on unique mechanisms of recognition, signalling and defence to cope with the specialized mode of phloem feeding by. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Aphids are important herbivores of both wild and cultivated plants. College of agricultural sciences, pennsylvania state university, usa. Concepts in plant disease resistance infection, there is a tendency to apply high inoculum densities. Pdf host plant resistance to aphids in cultivated crops. Recent advances in our understanding of induced responses in plants and their regulation, brought about by a revolution in molecular biology, have refocused attention on the potential exploitation of endogenous resistance mechanisms for crop protection. Nonhost resistance, shown by a whole plant species against a specific parasite or pathogen, is the most common form of resistance in plants towards the majority of potential pathogens 7. Plant pests insects, mites nematodes, diseases viral, fungal, and bacterial, and weeds are the cause of major crop damage resulting in economic losses to farmers worldwide. The molecular plant pathology laboratory is located in beltsville, md and is part of the northeast area.
Molecular host plant resistance to pests ebook, 2003. Host plant resistance should form the backbone of pest management in sorghum. Molecular host plant resistance to pests examines environmentally safe and integrated techniques for effective pest management. The genetics of host plant resistance to rice planthopper and leafhopper 389 the genetics of host plant resistance to rice planthopper and leafhopper daisuke fujita, khin khin marlar myint, masaya matsumura, and hideshi yasui the incorporation of host plant resistance to insect pests into elite rice culti. Current understanding of the genomic, genetic, and molecular. Insect pests are responsible for substantial crop losses worldwide through direct damage and transmission of plant diseases, and novel approaches that complement or replace broadspectrum chemical insecticides will facilitate the sustainable intensification of food production in the coming decades. This is especially important for crops such as cassava, which has a long growing cycle 1 year or more and is most often grown by resourcelimited smallholder farmers who cannot afford costly inputs.
Host plant selection by insects is often divided into host plant finding. Conventional breeding in conjunction with molecular techniques and transgenic approaches have a great promise\ud to reduce pest associated crop losses, and accelerate the progress in developing cultivars with resistance to\ud insects. This is rellected in the relatively recent release ofseveral insectresistant varieties and breeding. A key to sustainable management of pathogens and pests christopher c. Host plant resistance to insect pests of cowpea vigna. Hostplant resistance in pest management sciencedirect. Lecture 16 host plant resistance definition types and. Host plant resistance studies on legume pod borer, m. Biotechnology vol viii crop protection through pest resistant genes stanley. Plant resistance to insect pests has advantages over other direct control tactics. The relationship between rice and grh is a model case of plant insect interaction. The use of plant resistance for managing arthropod pests in rice illustrates many aspects of the use of host plant resistance in pest management. Determine the mechanisms of resistance and its inheritance.
Exploiting plants resistance against pests could be handier in controlling the pest which is compatible with other methods of pest. During the natural host pathogen interaction process, some pathogens have evolved to parasitize large number of hosts while others have remained specific to certain hosts and developed pathotypes and races that are specific to cultivars within a host. Mechanisms of plant defense against insect herbivores. Hpr has been used successfully in a number of major crop species to help control damage inflicted by major insect pests. Chemical signals produced by plants when attacked by herbivores play a crucial role in efficient plant defence. Here, association mapping was used to identify molecular markers for resistance.
All crop cultivars should contain resistance to insect pests. Over the past five decades, a large proportion of the world sorghum germplasm collection has been evaluated for resistance to insect pests, and a number of lines with resistance to major insect pests have been identified sharma et al. Jan 28, 20 host specific resistance involves interactions between specific host and pathogen genotypes, which give a pathogen racespecific resistance. Molecular host plant resistance to pests crc press book. Host plant resistance hpr to insects is an effective, economical, and environment friendly method of pest control. Genomics of adaptation to hostplants in herbivorous insects. The ideal ipm component for resource poor farmers is host plant resistance. Silicon and mechanisms of plant resistance to insect pests. Molecular host plant resistance to pests download ebook pdf. Host plant resistance and insect pest management in chickpea. Host resistance hosts may be less susceptible to attack due to antibiosis and antixenosis or may yield well despite attack due to tolerance. Pdf paradigm shifts in research on host plant resistance to. Aphis glycines matsumura and soybean cyst nematode scn. Strategies for enhanced crop resistance to insect pests.
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